This tubular manifold is constructed on our 3D flange design. primaries are constucted from 1018 mild steel 1 1/4 inch schedule 40 pipe with a wall thickness of 0.120".(approximately 1/8th of an inch) Completely TIG welded, ceramic coated and wrapped in heat resistant kevlar. The header flange is made of mild steel with milled recesses to accommodate perfect fitment of the primaries. Manifold shown is made to fit any turbo with a T-3 flange design to be mounted under the manifold but can be made with most any flange desired. Though many people have used this design on VW diesel engines, this manifold is primarily for use on higher revving gasoline engines. It comes equipped with a tapped bung to install a pyrometer to measure exhaust gas temperatures. Manifold shown is made to fit any 4 cyl, 8 valve, inline VW motor. Gasoline or diesel. It can be made for other applications as well. VW 16 valve, 20 valve, Honda, ford, etc....